UNITED KINGDOM

World War I

General

E - F

Egerton, George. "Diplomacy, Scandal, and Military Intelligence: The Craufurd-Stuart Affair and Anglo-American Relations, 1918-20." Intelligence and National Security 2, no. 4 (Oct. 1987): 110-134.

The author argues that this diplomatic incident played "a major role in the seminal events which transpired in Anglo-American relations and Washington politics in 1919."

Everitt, Nicholas. British Secret Service during the Great War. London: Hutchinson, 1920. [Wilcox]

Ewing, Alfred W. The Man of Room 40: The Life of Sir Alfred Ewing. London: Hutchinson, 1939.

Constantinides: This book, by Sir Alfred's son, does not discuss much about the contribution of the founder of the British navy's cryptanalytic bureau during World War I. Nonetheless, there is little elsewhere on Room 40's early work.

Ewing, Alfred W.

1. "Some Special War Work, Part 1. With an Introduction by David Kahn." Cryptologia 4, no. 4 (Oct. 1980): 193-203.

2. "Some Special War Work, Part 2." Cryptologia 5, no. 1 (Jan. 1981): 33-39.

These articles deal with Sir Alfred's work in Room 40 and the solution of the German diplomatic ciphers in World War I.

Felstead, Sidney T. German Spies at Bay: Being an Actual Record of the German Espionage in Great Britain During the Years 1914-1918, Compiled from Official Sources. London: Hutchinson, 1920. New York: Brentano's, 1920.

Constantinides: This book "is a litany of incredibly inept German operations.... The work is a textbook on poor intelligence practices." The role of Room 40 in the British successes is not covered.

Ferris, John. "'Airbandit': C³I and Strategic Air Defence during the First Battle of Britain, 1915-1918." In Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy during the First World War, eds. Michael Dockrill and David French. London: Hambledon, 1995.

Ferris, John. "'FORTITUDE' in Context: The Evolution of British Military Deception in Two World Wars, 1914-1945." In Paradoxes of Strategic Intelligence: Essays in Honor of Michael I. Handel, eds. Richard K. Betts and Thomas G. Mahnken, 117-165. London: Frank Cass, 2003.

Ferris, John Robert, ed. The British Army and Signals Intelligence during the First World War. London: Army Records Society, 1992. Wolfeboro Falls, NH: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1992.

Surveillant 3.2/3 says Ferris "demonstrates that signals intelligence influenced the operations of the British Army as much as those of the Royal Navy." According to Bennett, I&NS 9.4, this book is based on the "records of 1917 and 1918 which Dr. Ferris has so discriminatingly selected and so scrupulously edited"; it is "likely to be recognized as a seminal work." Peake, AIJ 15.1/90, suggests that the documents included here, "coupled with [Ferris'] Introduction, well annotated end notes, and a very helpful bibliographic essay,... will be of great value to those interested in the subject."

For a briefer statement of Ferris' thesis see, John Ferris, "The British Army and Signals Intelligence in the Field during the First World War," Intelligence and National Security 3, no. 4 (Oct. 1988), 23-48.

Ferris, John. "The British Army and Signals Intelligence in the Field during the First World War." Intelligence and National Security 3, no. 4 (Oct. 1988), 23-48.

Fitzgerald, Penelope. The Knox Brothers. New York: Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan, 1977. Rev. ed. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 2000.

According to Kruh, Cryptologia 25.2, this is the biography of the author's father (Edmund) and his three brothers. One of the brothers was Dillwyn "Dilly" Knox who played a major role as a British codebreaker in World War I (Room 40), during the interwar years (Foreign Office) and in World War II (Bletchley Park). Sexton terms this an "[o]utstanding biography of the four Knox brothers." The author views Dillwyn Knox as "one of the most important cryptanalysts of all time."

Freeman, Peter. "MI1(b) and the Origins of British Diplomatic Cryptanalysis." Intelligence and National Security 22, no. 2 (Apr. 2007): 206-228.

The author "outlines the relevant parts of the War Office's intelligence staff, describes the development of MI1(b)'s work on diplomatic targets..., and details the merger in 1919" of MI1(b) and Room 40 "into the Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) under the Admiralty, and its move in 1921/22 to its current position under the Foreign Secretary." [footnotes omitted]

French, David. "Spy Fever In Britain 1900-1915." Historical Journal 21 (1978): 355-370.

French, David. "Watching the Allies: British Intelligence and the French Mutinies of 1917." Intelligence and National Security 6, no. 3 (Jul. 1991): 573-592.

"Ultimately the [British] politicians' concerns about the fragility of French national morale and the volatility of French politics ... were crucial in deciding them to countenance the Flanders offensive."

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