Soviet Active Measures in the "Post-Cold War" Era 1988-1991 A Report Prepared at the Request of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations by the United States Information Agency June 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary The Role of Active Measures in Soviet Foreign Policy A Typology of Active Measures Themes and Messages How Soviet Active Measures Themes Were Spread "Black" or Covert Active Measures "Gray" or Semi-Covert Active Measures "White" or Overt Active Measures The "Post-Cold War" Era: A New Context for Soviet Active Measures An Attempt to be more Sophisticated: Disinformation on Military Spending The Use of Alarmist Arguments "15 Nuclear Republics" Ethnic Conflicts The Russian Winter The Break-down of the "Command Administrative" System Internal Front Groups: Vladimir Zhirinovsky and the "Centrist Bloc" The Conciliatory Slogans of New Political Thinking The Thinking Behind "New Thinking": The Ineffectiveness of Force in Achieving Soviet Goals The Ideology of "New Thinking" Military-Related Themes: A Non-Nuclear World, Disarmament, Reasonable Sufficiency, & Non-Offensive Defense Eliminating the "Enemy Image" The "De-ideologization of State-to-State Relations" The Common European Home A New Security System in Europe Technology Sharing "New Thinking" in Perspective: the Soviet View The Soviet View of Compromise and Conciliation Crude, Anti-American Disinformation "Geheim" and "Top Secret" Magazines: Purveyors of Crude, Defamatory Disinformation   A Selected Chronology of Crude, Derogatory Soviet Disinformation, January 1989 to August 1991   A Sophisticated Disinformation Operation   Conciliatory Disinformation Looking to the Future Conclusion Budgetary Implications Appendix: Recent Revelations about Soviet Active Measures "Black" or Covert Active Measures 'Service A' Organization 'Service A' Operations Forgeries KGB Active Measures in India Agents of Influence An Example of "Black" Active Measures: Alleged Soviet Agents of Influence and Covertly Sponsored Publications in Denmark "Gray" or Semi-covert Active Measures "White" or Overt Active Measures Manipulation of the Russian Orthodox Church and the World Council of Churches: How "Black," "Gray," and "White" Active Measures Worked Together    Forward to "Executive Summary"  Return to "Active Measures"  Return to Main Table of Contents