INTELLIGENCE REFORM

1980s

American Bar Association. Standing Committee on Law and National Security. Conference on Intelligence Legislation. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Law School, 1980. [Petersen]

Boren, David L. "Counterintelligence for the 1990s." American Intelligence Journal 10, no. 2 (1989): 9-14.

Chairman, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI).

Clift, A. Denis. "The Five-Legged Calf: Bringing Intelligence to the National Security Debate." American Intelligence Journal 11, no. 1 (1989-1990): 24-30.

Codevilla, Angelo. "The Substance and the Rules." Washington Quarterly 6, no. 3 (1983): 32-37.

Petersen: "United States should define what it wants from its intelligence services."

Flanagan, Stephen J. "Managing the Intelligence Community." International Security 10, no. 1 (Summer 1988): 58-95.

Gates, Robert M. "Future Intelligence Challenges." Periscope 13, no. 4 (Fall 1988): 14-19.

Godson, Roy. "Intelligence Reform in the United States: The Proposed Charter." Foreign Affairs 143, no. 1 (1980): 3-19. [Petersen]

Godson, Roy, ed. Intelligence Requirements for the 1980s. 7 vols. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1979-1985.

1. Elements of Intelligence. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1979. Rev. ed., 1983.

2. Analysis and Estimates. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1980.

3. Counterintelligence. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1980.

4. Covert Action. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1981.

5. Clandestine Collection. Washington, DC: National Strategy Information Center, 1985.

6. Domestic Intelligence. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1986.

7. Intelligence and Policy. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1986.

Clark comment: These volumes consist of the collected papers and comments from colloquia held by the Consortium for the Study of Intelligence, beginning in 1979. Though sorely dated for analytic purposes today, they are useful for exploring the state of mind of individuals broadly supportive of intelligence activities during a period where intelligence was beginning to climb out of the hole dug for it in the 1970s.

It is interesting to Constantinides that several of the contributors later served as advisers to the Reagan campaign and/or transition team members. He also thinks that the "discussion sections are typically too short and too general." Pforzheimer notes that "many of the papers ... are of uneven quality"; however, there are others that "deserve to be read with great care and interest by professionals and non-professionals alike."

Robertson, I&NS 2.4, comments that "the emphasis on maintaining a unified approach, and a focus upon public policy issues, has meant that ... no attempt has been made to challenge [the series'] own conceptions and assumptions at a fundamental level." Nonetheless, the "series does have considerable unity of purpose and concepts.... Further, this unity of purpose is not at the expense of a diversity of views."

Godson, Roy. "Intelligence Requirements for the 1990s." Washington Quarterly 12, no. 1 (Winter 1989): 47-65.

Godson, Roy, ed. Intelligence Requirements for the 1990s: Collection, Analysis, Counterintelligence and Covert Action. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1989.

According to West, PSQ 106.3, much of the material on the Soviet Union and East Europe in this compendium was severely outdated even before the book came out. In addition, because the essays were written for a conference, there is a tendency for material to be repeated and for individual subjects to be watered down. Nonetheless, "the book is interesting, easy to read, and enjoys the general support of the academic intelligence community." The FA 68.5 (Sep.-Oct. 1988) reviewer notes that, while "dominated by the perspective" of executive branch intelligence practitioners, this book presents "a useful summary of the issues that confront American intelligence."

Goodman, Allan E.

1. "Dateline Langley: Fixing the Intelligence Mess." Foreign Policy 57 (Winter 1984-1985): 160-179.

2. "Reforming U.S. Intelligence." Foreign Policy 67 (Summer 1987): 121-136.

"[T]he intelligence community's performance in the Iran-contra dealings reflects long-standing problems stemming from the intrusion of politics into intelligence collection and analysis as well as alarming defects in the executive and congressional oversight process." The focus here is on both intelligence analysis and covert action activities.

3. "Intelligence and Foreign Policy: Reforming U.S. Intelligence." Current 299 (Jan. 1988): 34-40.

Isenberg, David. The Pitfalls of U.S. Covert Operations. Policy Analysis No. 118. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 7 Apr. 1989. [http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/PA118.HTM]

"An examination of U.S. covert-action policy since World War II reveals two facts that are not always fully appreciated. First, both the scope and the scale of such operations have been enormous.... Second, the success of U.S. covert operations has been exaggerated."

Jervis, Robert. "What's Wrong With the Intelligence Process?" International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 28-41.

Kalaris, George, and Leonard McCoy. "Counterintelligence for the 1990s." Studies in Intelligence 32 (Spring 1988); International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 179-187; and in Intelligence Requirements for the 1990s: Collection, Analysis, Counterintelligence and Covert Action, ed. Roy Godson (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1989).

Maechling, Charles, Jr. "Improving the Intelligence System." Foreign Service Journal 57, no. 6 (Jun. 1980): 10-13, 41-42.

Mathews, Jessica Tuchman. "Redefining Security." Foreign Affairs 68, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 162-167.

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