Beer, Siegfried. "'Bound' to Cooperate: Austria’s Little-known Intelligence Community Since 1945." Journal of Intelligence History 3, no. 1 (Summer 2003). [http://www.intelligence-history.org/jih/previous.html]1. Austria
2. Belarus
3. Belgium
4. Burma
Click for materials on the Colonel Redl Affair of 1913.
Beer, Siegfried. "'Bound' to Cooperate: Austria’s Little-known Intelligence Community Since 1945." Journal of Intelligence History 3, no. 1 (Summer 2003). [http://www.intelligence-history.org/jih/previous.html]
From abstract: "This article ... sketch[es] the development and character of the three Austrian services, i.e. the Staatspolizeilicher Dienst [security police], just recently (in 2002) re-organized as the Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz und Terrorismusbekämpfung [Federal Agency for State Protection and Counter-Terrorism], and the two military services, the Heeresnachrichtenamt [foreign military intelligence] and the Abwehramt [military counter-intelligence], headquartered in Vienna."
Blasi, Walter. "Die Anfänge des militärischen Nachrichtendienstes in Österreich." [The Beginnings of the Military Intelligence Service in Austria] In B-Gendarmerie, Waffenlager und Nachrichtendienste: Die militärische Weg zum Staatsvertrag [B (Federal)-Gendarmery, Ordnance Depot and Intelligence Service: The Military Way to the State Treaty], eds. Walter Blasi, Erwin A. Schmidl, and Felix Schneider, 128-138. Vienna: Bohlaus Verlag, 2005.
Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008), notes that this work discusses the "origins of Austria's postwar intelligence."
Carafano, James Jay. Waltzing into the Cold War: The Struggle for Occupied Austria. College Station, TX: Texas A&M Press, 2002.
Brown, I&NS 19.1, notes that the author believes that U.S. Forces, Austria (USFA) "misused intelligence to bolster the case for viewing the Soviet Union as a threat to American interests in Austria." However, in the end, the author does not supply satisfactory support for his assertion.
Moll, Martin. "Austro-Hungarian Counter-intelligence Activities Prior to World War I: Unknown and Astonishing Insights at the Local Level." Journal of Intelligence History 5, no. 1 (Summer 2005). [http://www.intelligence-history.org/jih/journal.html]
From Abstract: Focusing mainly on local-level administrative documents of the Duchy of Styria, the author "argues that the Austro-Hungarian General Staff intensified its intelligence activities at least [after] the Annexation Crisis of 1908.... [T]he General Staff not only targeted alleged Serb efforts to undermine the Monarchy from within but also kept a[] close eye on Italian citizens on its territory."
Moritz, Verena, Hannes Leidinger, and Gerhard Jagschitz. Im Zentrum Der Macht: Die Vielen Gesichter des Geheimdienstchefs Maximilain Ronge. [In the Center of Power: The Many Faces of Secret Service Chief Maximilain Ronge] St. Pölten: Residenz Verlag, 2007.
Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008), finds this work somewhat "disappointing" with regard to Ronge's work as intelligence chief during World War I.
Moscow Times. "Accused German Linked to Spy Flap." 17 Apr. 2008. [http://www.moscowtimes.ru]
A German man identified only as Werner G., "charged with selling sensitive technology information to Russia[,] is a key figure in a mysterious spy case involving a former Federal Space Agency official that jarred Russian-Austrian relations last year.... [I]nterviews with officials familiar with the case made it clear that the Russian intelligence officer referred to by German prosecutors is ... Vladimir Vozhzhov, who was arrested on spy charges in Austria last year and released after it turned out he had diplomatic immunity."
Pethö, Albert. Agenten fur den Doppeladler: Österreich-Ungarns Geheimer Dienst im Weltkrieg. [Agents for the Double Eagle: Austria-Hungary's Secret Service in the World War] Graz: Leopold Stocker Verlag, 1998.
Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008), notes that the author begins his story in 1850. The work is heavily footnoted and "especially well illustrated."
Schroeder, H.-J. "Marshall Plan Propaganda in Austria and Western Germany." In The Marshall Plan in Austria, eds. G. Bischof, A. Pelinka, and D. Stiefel. Contemporary Austrian Studies, Vol 8. New Brunswick and London: Transaction, 2000.
Wagnleitner, Reinhold. Coca-Colanization and the Cold War: The Cultural Mission of the United States in Austria after the Second World War. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
Wiel, Jérôme aan de. "Austria-Hungary, France, Germany and the Irish Crisis from 1899 to the Outbreak of the First World War." Intelligence and National Security 21, no. 2 (Apr. 2006): 237-257.
From abstract: This "article argues that there was a definite 'Irish factor' in the events leading to the outbreak of the First World War, notably in Germany and Austria-Hungary's decision-making process."
AFP. "Belarus Intelligence Chief Axed After Spy Scandal." Moscow News, 20 Jul. 2007. [http://mnweekly.rian.ru]
On 17 July 2007, Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko Tuesday replaced "intelligence chief Stepan Sukhorenko but did not say if it was linked to the weekend discovery of a Polish spy ring in the country." The announcement simply said that Sukhorenko's "dismissal 'is linked to his naming to another post.' The KGB secret service will now be headed by Yuri Jadobin, who was in charge of Lukashenko's security."
Alexander, Martin S. "In Lieu of Alliance: The French General Staff's Secret Co-operation with Neutral Belgium, 1936-1940." Journal of Strategic Studies 14, no. 4 (Dec. 1991): 413-427.
Brodeur, Jean-Paul, Peter Gill, and Dennis Töllborg, eds. Democracy, Law and Security: Internal Security Services in Contemporary Europe. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.
Peake, Studies 47.3 (2003), notes that this work is "drawn from papers presented at two symposia in Gothenburg, Sweden, that compare intelligence services in 10 countries: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The various chapters look at historical, organizational, and political differences.... In most cases, very little has been published in English about the services discussed, and that enhances the book’s importance. For students of intelligence, and especially counterintelligence, this is a very worthwhile contribution."
For Henderson, IJI&C 17.3, this work "provides useful background reference material on several less well-known European domestic security systems." However, "the index and bibliography ... are generally weak"; and the "collection lacks, except for Spain, organizational charts for the various national communities and individual services."
de Croÿ, Princess
Marie. War Memories. London: Macmillan, 1932.
These are the memoirs of a Belgian aristocrat who aided Allied soldiers in escaping from the Germans in World War I.
Keunings, Luc. "The
Secret Police in Nineteenth-Century Belgium." Intelligence and National
Security 4, no. 1 (Jan. 1989): 59-85.
"[W]hile there was an active secret police in Brussels, it was by no means the only strategy employed by the middle and upper classes to protect their society. In Belgium the state used other types of control ... far more than police repression to preserve order during the nineteenth century."
Maclaren, John, and
Nicholas Hiley. "Nearer the Truth: The Search for Alexander Szek."
Intelligence and National Security 4, no. 4 (Oct. 1989): 813-826.
The authors take on the long-running legend of the activities and fate of Alexander Szek, thought to have stolen German codes from Belgium which later helped in breaking the Zimmermann telegram. Their research and analysis essentially shoot down most elements of the previous story. Definitive? Probably not, but in most of its elements better based than its predecessor myths.
Thomas,
Paul. Le KGB en Belgique. Brussels: Editions J.M. Collet, 1987.
Huygens, IJI&C 2.3, describes this book as a "brief overview," that gives a "case by case exposé, usually too short, describing about twenty espionage affairs."
To Stengers, I&NS 5.3, the book is "a competent [journalistic] compilation of Belgian and foreign press material.... Belgian spycatchers mainly belong to a civilian secret service, the Sûreté de l'Etat, about which Thomas gives some information."
Verhaegen,
Alix. "Belgium Security Service (BSS) [Sûreté de l'Etat
(SE)]." Intelligence Watch Report Quarterly 2, no. 1 (1995):
3-5.
This article covers the basic organizational and functional structure of the Belgian civilian intelligence agency. The main problem identified by the author is the absence of "properly defined laws to state it's [sic] mission." There are no footnotes or bibliography.
Aldrich, Richard J. "Legacies of Secret Service: Renegade SOE and the Karen Struggle in Burma, 1948-50." Intelligence and National Security 14, no. 4 (Winter 1999): 130-148.
During World War II, it proved relatively easy for secret services to foment insurgencies. However, in the postwar period, the issue became one of how to handle such forces. The Karens had worked loyally alongside SOE during the war, and in its aftermath some former SOE officers returned in a "private" capacity to aid the hill tribes against the central Rangoon government.
Selth, Andrew. "Burma's
Intelligence Apparatus." Intelligence and National Security
13, no. 4 (Winter 1998): 33-70.
The author describes "a complex structure of intelligence and specialized security agencies" in Burma. The article includes diagrams of the intelligence and security establishment in the mid-1950s, 1970s, mid-1980s, mid-1990s, and 1997.
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