MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

U.S. Naval Intelligence

1945 - 1989

A - O

Brooks, Thomas A. "Soviet Navy: An Update. Intelligence Collection." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 111 (Dec. 1985): 47-49. [Petersen]

Campbell, Kenneth J., and Robert Cosgriff [CDM/USN(Ret.)]. "Admiral Bobby Ray Inman: A Study in Intelligence Leadership." American Intelligence Journal 17, no. 1/2 (1996): 85-90.

The focus here is on Admiral Inman's tenure as Director of Naval Intelligence (DNI) from September 1974 to July 1976. The article details at some length (and argues in favor of) Inman's controversial disestablishment of Task Force 157, the Navy's HUMINT unit.

Coyle, Robert E. "Surveillance from the Seas." Military Law Review 60 (Spring 1973): 75-97. [Petersen]

Craven, John P. The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

According to Gaillard, Proceedings, Apr. 2001, the author "was chief scientist in the Navy's Special Projects Office from 1958 to 1970.... The Silent War is a must-read for those interested in technology, management, and intelligence-gathering challenges triggered by tense Cold War competition beneath the seas."

David, James. "Bourbon Operations in China Following World War II." Cryptologia 31, no. 3 (Jul. 2007): 254-262.

"The small and short-lived [U.S. Navy] Tsingtao intercept site provides an important glimpse into the joint U.S.-British post-World War II Comint effort against the USSR codenamed BOURBON."

Dunham, Roger C. Spy Sub: A Top Secret Mission to the Bottom of the Pacific. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1996.

From advertisement: The secret "operation involved the ... search for a nuclear-armed Soviet submarine that had exploded and disappeared to the depths of the Pacific." The author "was a crew member of the American nuclear submarine ordered to find it.... The ultimate success of this dangerous operation earned the crew a presidential unit citation."

Levine, NIPQ, Oct. 1997, finds that Spy Sub does not deliver on what it advertises. In fact, the book is "97 percent the story of routine life aboard a Pacific-based submarine on patrol in the mid-1960s and three percent special operations." The reviewer does straighten out some of the twists that had to be taken to get Spy Sub through the security reviewing authority: The American submarine involved was the USS Halibut (not Viperfish), and the Soviet sub that sank on 11 April 1968 was Golf 722 (not an Echo II).

To Carpenter, History 26.2, Dunham's is "a lively tale," that provides "an intimate revelation of life for a sailor on board a 350-foot SSN 655." The author's story does not tell how the Soviet submarine was recovered.

Durning, Marvin B. World Turned Upside Down: U. S. Naval Intelligence and the Cold War Struggle for Germany. Dulles, VA: Potomac, 2007.

From publisher: The author arrived at the ONI office in Munich in 1955. Durning calls Munich "a jungle of competing secret intelligence organizations." This book is his account of of the Germany and American intelligence of that period.

Rielage, NIPQ 24.3 (Jun. 2008), comments that this work "is less a history than a long, affectionate anecdote." Nonetheless, this "is a charming reminder that naval intelligence was an integral part of both the post-war landscape in Germany and of the efforts that ultimately won the Cold War."

Edwards, John Q. "The 'Y1' Story: Opintel in the Post-WWII Navy." Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 6, no. 3 (1990): 1-3.

Ford, Christopher A., and David A. Rosenberg. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." Journal of Strategic Studies 28, no. 2 (2005): 379-409.

From abstract: "Relying on a variety of interviews and newly declassified documents, the authors assert that the Maritime Strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations."

Furnas, Wendall J. [CAPT/USN (Ret.)] "The 'Negative' Side of Intelligence: DIO 12 ND in the 1950s." Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 15, no. 4 (Oct. 1999): 11-13.

Investigations as a District Intelligence Officer (DIO) in Northern California and Nevada in the 1950s.

Hubbard, Douglass H., Jr. Special Agent, Vietnam: A Naval Intelligence Memoir. Washington, DC: Potomac, 2006.

According to Sulick, Studies 51.2 (2007), the author "chronicles the demanding counterintelligence and criminal investigation missions of the NIS [Naval Investigative Service] through detailed vignettes of cases drawn from his own experience and interviews with colleagues." However, the work "provides more insight into NIS criminal investigations than its counterintelligence operations.... Special Agent, Vietnam brims with atmospherics that only someone with first-hand experience like Hubbard could provide."

Prout, DIJ 16.1 (2007), comments that "[w]hile this book has merit, it holds little value to an intelligence professional seeking to learn about the U.S. Navy's intelligence or counterintelligence activities during the Vietnam era. The bulk of the cases are criminal in nature, and those few intelligence cases sadly lack any meaningful detail." Ochiai, I&NS 23.4 (Aug. 2008), also notes that most of the stories here "are about investigations of crimes committed by US servicemen."

Jackson, Janko. "A Methodolgy for Ocean Surveillance Analysis." Naval War College Review 27 (Sep.-Oct. 1974): 71-89.

Provides more on this subject than is normally found in the open literature.

Manthorpe, William H.J., Jr [CAPT/USN (Ret.)].

1. "The Origins of CNO Intelligence Plot." Part I. Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 19, no. 4 (Dec. 2003): 5-6.

2. comp. "The Creation and Evolution of CNO Intelligence Plot: Recollections." Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 20, no. 4 (Dec. 2004): 6-11, 18, 38.

3. comp. "The Creation and Evolution of CNO Intelligence Plot: Recollections." Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 21, no. 1 (Mar. 2005): 13-14.

McGinnis, George P. The Collective Works of Captain George P. McGinnis. Pensacola, FL: Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association, 2007.

Christensen, Cryptologia 32.1 (Jan. 2008), notes that much of what is here originally appeared in CRYPTOLOG. It "consists of 105 articles and 102 book reviews." These are mostly stories about people, not about operational matters.

McGinnis, George P. U.S. Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association (NCVA) History Book. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing, 1996.

Kruh, Cryptologia 21.3, is impressed by both the physical appearance and content of this book. Among other things, it provides "a comprehensive history of naval cryptology from World War I to modern times." The book includes some articles that have not previously been published.

Naval Security Group Command. Naval Cryptology in National Security. Washington, DC: 1985.

Nielson, Don. "Task Force 157: Born Twenty Years Too Soon." American Intelligence Journal 14, no 1 (Autumn/Winter 1993): 23-27.

Task Force 157 was a "highly regarded [clandestine collection] intelligence organization that fell victim to the pressures generated during the Church Committee Hearings" in 1976. "In the beginning, it was called the Navy Field Operations Support Group (NFOSG)." The decision to change to the Task Force designation was made in 1968. The arrogance of one commander and other mistakes antagonized intelligence officers at Navy commands. "That mistake came home to roost when one of the slighted officers, then RADM Bobby Inman, returned as the DNI..., and he proceeded to disestablish it as soon as he had developed a viable justification. The history of Task Force 157 also is clouded unnecessarily by its association with the notorious Ed Wilson,"who was a contract employee and was terminated. Wilson was not involved in any TF 157 collection activities. The author proposes the Task Force as a model for future operations.

See also, Jeffrey T. Richelson, "Task Force 157: The US Navy's Secret Intelligence Service, 1966-77," Intelligence and National Security 11, no. 1 (Jan. 1996): 106-145.

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