MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

Deception

A - G

Ackerman, Robert K. "Art of Deception." Signal 43 (Sep. 1988):47-51. [Seymour]

American Intelligence Journal. "Intelligence Deception." 12 (Winter 1991): Entire issue. [Seymour]

Section I: Pre-World War II Deception; Section II: World War II Deception; Section III: Post-World War II Deception Overviews; Section IV: Future Deception.

Army Times. Editors. The Tangled Web: True Stories of Deception in Modern Warfare. Washington, DC: Robert E. Luce, 1963.

Constantinides: The Tangled Web treats deceptions in warfare "going back to the American Civil War." There are "no scholarly pretensions about this work," which has no notes or references; but it was meant to be a "popular treatment." The book leaves out deception operations that were strategically more important than some of the ones it covers.

Baker, Caleb. "Deception Techniques Put Target in Eye of the Beholder." Defense News, 4 (30 Oct. 1989): 12. [Seymour]

Beech, Eric. "Deception and Disguise: Passive Defence Measures Now Form an Essential Element of a Modern Air Force's Equipment." Flight International 135 (20 May 1989): 81ff. [Seymour]

Bell, J. Bowyer. "Toward a Theory of Deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 16, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 244-279.

"Despite the theoretical difficulties in any model of the deception process, there is, indeed, a process or cycle, from concept through creation to reaction, that focuses on an effective illusion that largely simulates reality or dissemulates it for the planner's purpose. Force and fraud in war -- and in much else -- are the cardinal virtues."

Bok, Sissela. "Secrets and Deception: Implications for the Military." Naval War College Review 38 (Mar.-Apr. 1985): 73-80. [Petersen]

Bonham, Francis G. "Deception in War." Infantry Journal, Jul.-Aug. 1934, 272-278. [Petersen]

Brown, Robert F. "MR Update: Deception." Military Review 67 (Mar. 1987): 46-47. [Seymour]

Bruce, James B. "The Impact on Foreign Denial and Deception of Increased Availability of Public Information About U.S. Intelligence." In Strategic Denial and Deception: The Twenty-First Century Challenge, eds. Roy Godson and James J. Wirtz, 229-240. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2002.

Cimbala, Stephen J.

1. "Mainstreaming Military Deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 3, no. 4 (Winter 1989): 509-535.

2. "Military Deception and Deterrence: The Art of Noise." In Strategy after Deterrence, 135-175. New York: Praeger, 1991.

Clubb, Timothy L. "Tactical Deception and Helicopter Operations." Marine Corps Gazette 78 (May 1994):48-49. [Seymour]

Daniel, Donald C., and Katherine L. Herbig, eds. Strategic Military Deception. New York, Pergamon, 1982.

Pforzheimer notes that this work "for the serious student" is comprised of papers on the theory of deception and on the application of those theories to case studies from World War II to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. Sexton gives this collection a "highly recommended" notation.

Deacon, Richard [Donald McCormick]. The Truth Twisters. London: Macdonald, 1987.

Dewar, Michael. The Art of Deception in Warfare. London: David & Charles, 1989.

Chambers: "Basic text."

Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi. Victory and Deceit: Dirty Tricks at War. Fairfield, NJ: Morrow, 1995.

Surveillant 4.2: The authors describe instances of the use of deception in warfare from ancient history to the Gulf War. "A final chapter discusses future uses of strategic deception."

Dwyer, John B. Seaborne Deception: The History of U.S. Navy Beach Jumpers. New York: Praeger, 1992. [Seymour]

Eldridge, Justin L.C. "The Myth of Army Tactical Deception." Military Review 70, no. 8 (Aug. 1990): 67-78.

The author is less than complimentary of the Army's ability to make use of deception techniques.

Ferris, John. "The Intelligence-Deception Complex: An Anatomy." Intelligence and National Security 4, no. 4 (Oct. 1989): 719-734.

Ferris attempts to "mediate" the dispute between the historian, Klaus-Jürgen Müller, and the political scientist, Michael Handel, on the issue of how to assess the effect of deception -- and by extension, of intelligence -- in warfare. The main problem rests in the fact that often the only evidence available of effect/noneffect is circumstantial in nature. Clear standards of proof are needed in such situations.

Fowler, Charles A., and Robert F. Nesbit. "Tactical Deception in Air-Land Warfare." Journal of Electronic Defense 18 (Jun. 1995):37-40ff. [Seymour]

Glantz, David M. "Surprise and Maskirovka in Contemporary War." Military Review 68 (Dec. 1988): 50-57.

Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz, eds. Strategic Denial and Deception: The Twenty-First Century Challenge. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2002.

Richelson, IJI&C 16.1, comments that "[t]he examination of historical cases of denial and deception [D&D] as an aid to understanding the D&D issues of this new century is certainly reasonable.... There is a significant difference, however, between using historical studies as a complement to contemporary studies and as a substitute.... Also missing from the book is any detailed treatment of United States involvement with denial and deception.... Thus, Strategic Denial and Deception may benefit those unfamiliar with historical cases, but someone looking for a guide to the future will be sorely disappointed."

Wirtz and Richelson exchange barbs in IJI&C 17.1/184-191.

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