MILITARY INTELLIGENCE

Army

Overviews

Prof. Robert L. Bolin maintains a useful site, "Army Technical Intelligence Chronology," at http://www.lib.uidaho.edu/technical/tech-int.html.

Applegate, Rex. Scouting and Patrolling: Ground Reconnaissance Principles and Training. Boulder, CO: Paladin, 1980. [Petersen]

Armstrong, Nevill A. Fieldcraft, Sniping and Intelligence. Boulder, CO: Paladin, 1975. [Petersen]

Bidwell, Bruce W. "History of the Military Intelligence Division, Department of the Army General Staff." Unpublished manuscript prepared for the Military Intelligence Division and the Office of Military History, U.S. Army, 1959-1961. 4 vols. Library of Congress Photoduplication Service.

Vol. 1: 1775-1917;

Vol. 2: WWI;

Vol. 3: 1919-41;

Vol. 4: Pearl Harbor.

Bidwell, Bruce W. History of the Military Intelligence Division, Department of the Army General Staff: 1775-1941. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1986.

Petersen says that Bidwell's work is "the detailed standard treatment of early military intelligence organization and functions."

Sexton notes that the book includes "an informative account of MAGIC and the intelligence failure at Pearl Harbor."

According to O'Toole, Encyclopedia, the book consists of parts 1-4 of Bidwell's unpublished 8-part manuscript (Library of Congress Photoduplication Service) (see above).

Bigelow, Michael E. [http://www.inscom.army.mil/journal/archive/archives.htm]

1. "A Solid Foundation." INSCOM Journal 30, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 4-7.

This is Part One of a multi-part history of INSCOM. It takes the organization from its formation in 1977 to the move to Fort Belvoir in 1989.

2. "The Next Chapter." INSCOM Journal 30, no. 2 (Spring 2007): 4-8.

This is Part Two of Bigelow's history of INSCOM. It focuses on the past 15 years -- from Just Cause to Desert Storm to the 9/11 terrorist attacks to the present.

Boxhall, Peter. "Aerial Photography and Photographic Interpreters: 1915 to the Gulf War." Army Quarterly and Defense Journal, Apr. 1992, 204-209.

Campbell, Kenneth J. "Lt. General Daniel O. Graham: A Life of Achievement." Conservative Review, Mar.-Apr. 1997, 13-21. "LTG Daniel O. Graham, USA: Activism and Achievement." Defense Intelligence Journal 8, no. 2 (1999): 67-80.

Graham headed the DIA from September 1974 to December 1975.

Chandler, Stedman, and Robert W. Robb. Front-Line Intelligence. Washington, DC: Infantry Journal Press, 1946.

Pforzheimer: "Although outdated, a readable primer to prepare officers to be combat '2's.'"

Crockett, Harvey L. [LTCOL/USA] "Office of the Chief of Military Intelligence." Military Intelligence 30, no. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 2004): 9.

The "Chief of the MI Corps is the Commanding General, United States Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca. Traditionally, the Commanding General wears three hats: Commandant of the Army’s Military Intelligence Center, MI Corps Commander, and Chief of Military Intelligence."

Finnegan, John Patrick. Lineages comp., Romana Danysh. Military Intelligence. Army Lineage Series. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army, 1998. [See http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/Lineage/MI/mi-fm.htm]

From the "Preface": "This book attempts to present an organizational history of Military Intelligence in the United States Army from its beginnings to the present. It makes no pretense at discussing the operational aspects of intelligence in detail.... Furthermore, the book focuses its attention on the Army and necessarily slights the complex interrelationships between Army intelligence and other organizations in the intelligence community."

Kruh, Cryptologia 26.2, calls this a "superb volume" that combines a narrative history of U.S. military intelligence with "lineages and heraldic data for 108 military intelligence units.... It is a unique history that belongs in your personal library."

Fitzgerald, John M. The Impact of Modern Information Technology on the Structure of Military Intelligence at the Tactical Level. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969. [Petersen]

Gilbert, James L., John P. Finnegan, and Ann Bray. In the Shadow of the Sphinx: A History of Counterintelligence. Fort Belvoir: Department of the Army, 2005.

Sulick, Studies 50.4 (2006), concludes that Gilbert's "stories of the prowess and courage of individual agents and his frank assessment of Army counterintelligence flaws, its problematic role in the domestic subversion arena, and difficult evolution into an accepted part of the Army mission all make In the Shadow of the Sphinx a compelling story for historians, intelligence and counterintelligence professionals, and general readers who simply like good spy yarns."

Hamm, Diane L., comp. Military Intelligence: Its Heroes and Legends. Arlington Hall Station, VA: U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command, 1987. [http://carlisle-www.army.mil/ usamhi/RefBibs/intell/genmisc.htm]

Hittle, J.D. Military Staff: Its History and Development. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole, 1961.

Petersen: "[T]reats military intelligence organization from the American Revolution to World War II."

Hogan, David W., Jr. Raiders or Elite Infantry? The Changing Role of the U.S. Army Rangers from Dieppe to Grenada. Contributions in Military Studies, No. 128. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992. [Gibish]

INSCOM History Office. "INSCOM -- 20 Years of Excellence." INSCOM Journal 19, no. 6 (Nov.-Dec. 1996).

The U. S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) was organized at Arlington Hall Station, Virginia, on 1 January 1977. This article traces the evolution of the command over its first 20 years. Some discussion of "institutional setbacks" is included.

Jensen, Joan M. Army Surveillance in America, 1775-1980. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.

Choice, Mar. 1992, sees this as a "clearly written history.... But there are a number of flaws." The book "wanders from its title statement ... [and] policy methodologies and conceptualizations are notably absent."

According to Surveillant 2.1, the author "sees a growing invisible intelligence empire within the U.S. government."

Dorwart, I&NS 8.2, comments that Jensen "places army spying within a broader context of national security policy and as part of an evolving American internal security program.... The growth of military surveillance of civilians during the war [WWI] accompanied the expansion of executive authority and federal bureaucracies."

Johnson, Danny. "The History of the 66th Military Intelligence Group." Military Intelligence 9, no. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1983): 44-45.

Marshall, Max L., ed. The Story of the U.S. Army Signal Corps. New York: Franklin Watts, 1965. [Petersen]

Nelson, Otto L., Jr. National Security and the General Staff: A Study of Organization and Administration. Washington, DC: Infantry Journal Press, 1946.

Petersen: "Covers intelligence within the Army general staff organization over the years."

Powe, Marc B. The Emergence of the War Department Intelligence Agency, 1885-1918. Manhattan, KS: Military Affairs, 1975.

O'Toole, Encyclopedia, cites the original Master's thesis from which this book is derived: "The Emergence of the War Department Intelligence Agency, 1885-1918." Master's thesis; Department of History; Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1974.

Powe, Marc B., and Edward E. Wilson. The Evolution of American Military Intelligence. Fort Huachuca, AZ: U.S. Army Intelligence Center and School, 1973.

Petersen says this monograph is "important but not widely available."

According to Pforzheimer, this "well-researched text ... covers U.S. military intelligence activities from the American Revolution up to Vietnam.... [But] emphasis ... is definitely given to the creation of a professional military intelligence corps in the U.S. Army ... from World War I to the present."

Constantinides notes that the treatment of the subject is "both chronological and analytical."

Sandler, Stanley.

1. "Army Psywarriors: A History of U.S. Army Psychological Operations." Special Warfare 5 (Oct. 1992): 18-25. [Gibish]

2. "Seal the Victory: A History of U.S. Army Civil Affairs." Special Warfare 4 (Winter 1991): 38-41. [Gibish]

Scheips, Paul J., ed. Military Signal Communications. 2 vols. New York: Arno Press, 1980. [Petersen]

Stevens, Phillip H. Search Out the Land: A History of American Military Scouts. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969.

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