Magnan, Stephen W.
"Are We Our Own Worst Enemy? Safeguarding Information Operations."
Studies in Intelligence 9 (Summer 2000): 97-103. Magnan, Stephen W.
"Are We Our Own Worst Enemy? Safeguarding Information Operations."
Studies in Intelligence 9 (Summer 2000): 97-103.
Mahnken, Thomas G. "War in the Information Age." Joint Force Quarterly, Winter 1995-1996, 39-43.
Mason, Tony [Air Vice-Marshal].
"The Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Target Acquisition
Requirement -- An Overview." RUSI Journal, Dec. 1998, 55-59.
"This article makes two major points. The first is that, traditionally, the requirement in warfare for information about the enemy was desirable, but now it is essential. The second is that dominant battlespace knowledge depends on much more than knowledge of the battlespace. The conclusions to be drawn from both statements raise sensitive problems about future force structures and procurement."
Markoff,
John. "New Center Will Combat Computer Security Threats: U.S. and Financial
Concerns in Joint Effort." New York Times, 1 Oct. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]
The Treasury Department announced on 1 October 1999 "that the Federal Government and the financial services industry have established an information clearinghouse to combat threats to computer security and vulnerabilities in computer systems. The center, which will be managed exclusively by private industry, will be known as the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center."
Markoff,
John. "U.S. Drafting Plan for Computer Monitoring System." New
York Times, 28 Jul. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]
"The Clinton Administration has developed a plan for an extensive computer monitoring system, overseen by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, to protect the nation's crucial data networks from intruders.... As part of the plan, networks of thousands of software monitoring programs would constantly track computer activities looking for indications of computer network intrusions and other illegal acts. The plan calls for the creation of a Federal Intrusion Detection Network, or Fidnet, and specifies that the data it collects will be gathered at the National Infrastructure Protection Center, an interagency task force housed at the Federal Bureau of Investigation."
McConnell, J.M. [VADM/USN
(Ret.)], and Edward J. Giorgio. "Building Information Security Layer
by Layer." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Dec. 1998, 44-47.
"[I]nformation security is a difficult problem, and the Navy will not rely on any single mechanism to provide it. To compromise our security, an adversary must defeat the security mechanisms layer-by-layer. With proper defense in depth, the risk is minimized that a single flaw will leave an information system vulnerable."
McCullagh,
Declan. "A'Hacking the Military Will Go." Wired News, 5
Jan. 2000. [http://www.wired.com]
The U.S. Space Command "took over the job of protecting Defense Department computers from hacker attacks" in October 1999. Now, General Richard Myers has "told reporters that Pentagon planners are currently devising general hacker-war procedures, which must be approved by the Secretary of Defense and should be complete by October."
Bill Gertz, "U.S. Set to Take Warfare On-Line," Washington Times, 6 Jan. 2000, 3, adds that General Myers' announcement on 5 January 2000 "was the first time the Pentagon publicly acknowledged its plans to conduct offensive information warfare operations. Previously, only defenses against such attacks were discussed."
McNeal, Antoine C. [1LT/USAF] "Information Assurance: Structure From the Fog, A Dynamic Information Defense Solution in a Dynamic World." Chronicles Online Journal (6 Dec. 2004). [http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/cc/archives.html]
Military Intelligence.
"Information Operations." 23, no. 1 (Jan.-Mar. 1997): Entire edition.
Click for Table of Contents.
Minihan,
Kenneth A. [LGEN/USAF, DIRNSA]. "Intelligence
and Information Systems Security: Partners in Defensive Information Warfare."
Defense Intelligence Journal 5, no. 1 (Spring 1996): 13-23.
Minihan,
Kenneth A. [LGEN/USAF, DIRNSA]. "National
Security Implications of the Information Age." National Security
Law Report 19, no. 1 (Winter 1997): 1, 4-10.
Molander, Roger C.,
Andrew S. Riddile, and Peter A. Wilson. Strategic Information Warfare:
A New Face of War. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1996.
Tuttle, Proceedings, Jan. 1997, credits the authors with elevating "information warfare strategic thought to a loftier plateau."
For Cohen, FA (Jul.-Aug. 1996), "this monograph offers one of the most interesting and revealing ways of thinking" about information warfare, "at least in an unclassified venue. A short but comprehensive discussion of the central issues in information warfare,... is followed by an ingenious 'day after' exercise that illustrates and amplifies these problems."
Myers,
Russell E. "Challenges to the Defense Intelligence Information System
Professional." American Intelligence Journal 15, no. 2 (Autumn/Winter
1994): 42-51.
Nesbit,
Robert F. "Catching Up With Pomfret, Vermont: An Examination of Intelligence
Dissemination Architectures." American Intelligence Journal
15, no. 2 (Autumn/Winter 1994): 30-36.
The author argues that while hierarchical arrangements may work for command and control of forces, they make less sense for information tasking and dissemination architectures. The author looks at "push" and "pull" information distribution architectures, and concludes that each works better or worse than the other depending on the situation. "Request and delivery of information through the multilayered C3 system needs to be replaced in the large by broadcast [push] systems and direct data base [pull] arrangements."
Nicander, Lars. "Information Terrorism: When and by Whom?" Defense Intelligence Journal 16, no. 2 (2007): 139-153.
"[I]t is not inevitable that information terrorism ... will occur; however, it does seem like the natural progression for qualified non-state actors."
O'Brien, Kevin A. "Information Operations and Counterterrorism." Jane's Intelligence Review 14 (Sep. 2002): 50-53.
O’Connell, Ed, and Dr. Cheryl Benard. "A New IO Strategy: Prevention and Disengagement." Strategic Insights 5, no. 5 (May 2006). [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2006/May/o'connellMay06.asp]
"[W]e are currently letting the terrorist and insurgents pick the time and place of their information operations in today’s Iraq. We appear to be fighting the enemy’s fight, and only addressing the symptoms and not the causes of the larger battle by cleverly copying enemy fliers, or mirroring their themes in our psychological operations efforts."
Petersen, John L. "Info
War: The Next Generation." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings,
Jan. 1997, 60-62.
The author sees technology, particularly information technology, as one of the "major drivers and definers" of the coming era. "The early indicators of advanced first-generation information warfare already are emerging."
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