Ennes, James M., Jr. Assault on the "Liberty": The True Story of the Israeli Attack
on an American Intelligence Ship. New York: Random House, 1979.
According to Petersen, "Ennes, an officer aboard the Liberty at the time, questions the official explanation attributing the incident to a mistake and ascribes to the Israelis the motive of preventing the ship from monitoring the course of the war."
Constantinides notes that Ennes "has nothing solid on the motive of the Israeli attack" and, therefore, "can only offer his own hypothesis."
Ennes, James M., Jr.
"Israeli Attack on U.S. Ship Reveals Failure of C3." Defense
Electronics, Oct. 1981, 60-62 ff. [Petersen]
Ennes, James M., Jr.
"Israel's Attack on the USS Liberty : Cracks in the 25-Year Cover-Up."
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Jun. 1992, 52-53.
Ennes, James M. "National Security Agency Documents on Attack on USS Liberty Prove What?" Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Sep. 2003, 25.
"Instead of releasing transcripts of the attack itself,... the National Security Agency (NSA) [has] released signals intelligence transcripts collected after the attack -- radio messages from helicopter pilots who came out afterward to clean up. What a disappointment. We had hoped for some of the communications we know took place between the Israeli jet pilots and their headquarters, but those were not released."
Fishel, Reverdy S.
"The Attack on the Liberty: An 'Accident?'" International Journal
of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 8, no. 3 (Fall 1995): 345-352.
This article ostensibly deals with Davis Rodman's review in IJI&C 7.4 of Loftus and Aarons' The Secret War Against the Jews. Beyond that, however, Fishel uses the article to restate the case for a planned and deliberate attack by the Israelis on the USS Liberty. Fishel takes strong exception to Rodman's statement that the "most credible" explanation of the attack is that it was an "accident": "In fact, Israel's assault on the Liberty was as accidental as Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor." Fishel calls Loftus and Aarons' book, "a collection of preposterous and demonstrably false theories and allegations. With regard to the Liberty attack, the only significant detail they get right is that it was deliberate."
David Rodman, "Against Fishel: Another Look at the Liberty Incident," International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 9, no. 1 (Spring 1996): 73-80. The author expresses and explains his continuing skepticism with regard to "the claim that the Israelis knowingly attacked an American ship."
[Gerhard, William D.]
"Special Issue: USS Liberty." Cryptolog 17, no.
3 (Jun. 1996): 2-5, 8-11.
"On 8 June 1967, while in international waters, flying the colors of the United States of America, USS LIBERTY was set upon by the military forces of Israel. Many of our cryptographic shipmates were killed or wounded along with other crew members.... William D. Gerhard, National Security Agency, wrote a factual account of the outrage, using the sources at his command. The report was released as a special history report SRH-259. CRYPTOLOG printed this report in a special issue, July 1984, shortly after it became available. We reprint this document now, in memory of our fallen comrades."
Guttman, Nathan. "U.S. Agency Confirms Sinking of USS Liberty Was Accident." Haaretz (Tel Aviv), 9 Jul. 2003. [http://www.haaretzdaily.com]
Documents released by NSA "support Israel's version" of the attack on the USS Liberty during the 1967 war. The NSA "transcript of conversations held by two Israeli Air Force helicopter pilots who were hovering over the Liberty as it was sinking ... confirm Israel's claim that the sinking of the ship ... was a tragic error."
Gwertzman, Bernard. "Israeli Payment to Close the Book on '67 Attack on Department of the Navy Vessel." New York Times, 19 Dec. 1980,. A1, A4.
Hounam, Peter. Operation Cyanide: Why the Bombing of the USS Liberty Nearly Caused World War III. London: Vision, 2003.
To Peake, Studies 47.3, the author "is persuasive when it comes to the argument that the attack was deliberate. But when he attempts to explain why Israel attacked a ship flying a big American flag, he strains credibility.... Hounam claims that Operation Cyanide was a 'clandestine CIA and Mossad plan to foment the Six Day War and guarantee an overwhelming victory for Israel.' And, he asserts, the outcome nearly caused a nuclear war between the super powers. Hounam identifies the sources for his facts but not his conclusions, which he admits are speculative."
Jacobsen, Walter L. [LTCDR/USN] "A Juridical Examination of the Israeli Attack on The U.S.S. Liberty." Naval Law Review (Winter 1986), 1-52. [Bamford2]
Labott, Elise. "U.S.: Israel Was Negligent in 1967 Ship Attack." CNN, 13 Jan. 2004. [http://www.cnn.com]
According to a State Department official, the State Department's analysis of the documents is if the attack on the USS Liberty "was a deliberate, planned attack, you would think an air force as good as the Israelis' would have served up their best bombers, with their biggest bombs. They would have sunk this ship in 30 seconds flat, no witnesses, no evidence, no fingerprints. That didn't happen."
See also Associated Press, "Israel, U.S. Blamed In '67 Spy Ship Attack," Washington Post, 13 Jan. 2004, A13. [http://www.washingtonpost.com]
Mucciolo, Aaron. "Less Interesting Than '60 Minutes': Recent NSA Releases Add Little to the U.S.S. Liberty Debate." Strategic Insights 3, no. 3 (Mar. 2004). [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/mar/muccioloMar04.asp]
"The NSA releases ... provide an incomplete picture of the attack. There are no transcripts or recordings of any communications before or during the attack and nothing from the Israeli boats at the scene. Furthermore, sections of these declassified documents are ... whited out in the transcripts and deleted from the audio. Some of these deletions seem to be references to communication channel numbers and other data that should remain classified, but at points entire paragraphs are missing."
For the NSA releases see http://www.nsa.gov/docs/efoia/released/liberty.html.
Paseman, Floyd. "The
Great Grafton Library War." Intelligencer 11, no. 2 (Wintor
2000): 51-55.
The author reviews the uproar in Grafton, Wisconsin, in 1987-1989 over the naming of "The USS Liberty Memorial Public Library."
Pearson, Anthony. Conspiracy
of Silence: The Attack on the USS Liberty. New York: Quartet Books,
1978.
Constantinides comments that much of this book on the Six-Day War of 1967 and the Israeli attack on the USS Liberty is "unreliable.... Pearson's inability to produce respectable evidence further weakens his case."
Rodman,
David. "Against Fishel: Another Look at the Liberty Incident."
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 9,
no. 1 (Spring 1996): 73-80.
The author expresses and explains his continuing skepicism with regard to "the claim that the Israelis knowingly attacked an American ship."
Smith, Richard K. "The
Violation of the 'Liberty.'" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings,
Jun. 1978, 62-70. [Petersen]
Taylor, Jim. Pearl
Harbor II: The True Story of the Sneak Attack by Israel upon the USS Liberty.
Washington, DC: Mideast Publishing, 1980.
A pro-Arab group stirs the pot.
U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian. Gen. ed., David S. Patterson. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968.
Vol. XIX. Ed., Harriet Dashiell Schwar. Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967. Washington, DC: GPO, 2004. Available at: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xix/.
A number of documents pertaining to the attack by Israeli forces on the USS Liberty (AGTR-5) are contained intermittantly in this volume between Document 199 and Document 258.
Polmar, Proceedings, Jul. 2004, says that this FRUS volume is "important," "well-produced," and "highly recommended." He maintains that the work "should answer any remaining questions" about whether the Israeli attack on the USS Liberty was intentional or an accident of war. This volume "provides what must be considered the definitive U.S. government accounts and opinions of the attack." And the conclusion is that "the attack was one of mistaken identity."
USS Liberty Veterans Association. "A Report: War Crimes Committed Against U.S. Military Personnel, June 8, 1967." Submitted to the Secretary of the Army in his capacity as Executive Agent for the Secretary of Defense, June 8, 2005. [http://www.ussliberty.org/report/report.htm or http://ussliberty.org/report/report.pdf]
This 34-page report concludes: "The USS Liberty Veterans Association, Inc. respectfully insists that the Secretary of the Army convene an investigatory body to undertake the complete investigation that should have been carried out thirty-eight years ago."
Walsh, David C. "Friendless Fire?" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Jun. 2003, 58-64.
This article basically focuses on refuting the conclusions of A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2002).
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