Friedman, Norman. "World Naval Developments: Chinese Spied for Decades." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 125, no. 7 (Jul. 1999): 107.Materials presented in chronological order.
Friedman, Norman. "World Naval Developments: Chinese Spied for Decades." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 125, no. 7 (Jul. 1999): 107.
"The question ... is whether the potential of [the vast Chinese] market blinded many U.S. companies and the U.S. administration itself to the liklihood that a stronger China would be a major strategic threat.... Will the fruits of espionage encourage the Chinese to imagine that they can take chances, such as attacking Taiwan, without fear of U.S. intervention, because their growing arsenal will deter us?"
Gerth, Jeff. "President's Top Security Adviser Questioned by Senate Committee." New York Times, 1 Jul. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]
On 30 June 1999, National Security Adviser Sandy Berger answered questions before the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence "about how the White House has handled the allegations of nuclear espionage by China. One official who attended the meeting ... said that Berger repeated previous accounts of how he first learned about the issue in April 1996 and first informed Clinton in July 1997, after receiving a more detailed briefing."
See also, Walter Pincus, "Berger Defends Handling of Espionage Allegations Before Hill Panel," Washington Post, 1 Jul. 1999, A18.
Pincus, Walter. "Richardson Accepts Nuclear Agency Plan: DOE Unit Would Be Semiautonomous." Washington Post, 8 Jul. 1999, A16. [http://www.washingtonpost.com]
On 7 July 1999, Energy Secretary Bill Richardson agreed "to create a semiautonomous agency to run the vast complex of laboratories and plants that research, assemble and maintain America's nuclear weapons. The establishment of the Agency for Nuclear Stewardship (ANS) ... would be the most significant change produced so far by more than a year of controversy over allegations of Chinese espionage and lax security at the weapons labs. The new agency also would represent the first major reorganization of the nuclear weapons complex in more than two decades, since the Department of Energy was formed in 1976-77."
See also, Matthew L. Wald, "Secretary Agrees to Idea of Agency on Nuclear Weapons," New York Times, 8 Jul. 1999.
U. S. Department of Energy. "Press Release -- Richardson Toughens Requirements for Unclassified Foreign Visits and Assignments: Policy Directive Strengthens Controls over Foreign Nationals at DOE Facilities." 14 Jul. 1999. [http://www.energy.gov]
"The Visits and Assignments Policy Office will act as a central accounting center to track and analyze the details of foreign visits and assignments to DOE facilities to ensure that these are conducted in a secure manner."
U. S. Department of Energy. "Press Release -- Statement of Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson on the Senate Bill to Reorganize the Department of Energy." 21 Jul. 1999. [http://www.energy. gov]
The Senate has "made significant improvements to the reorganization proposal by adopting amendments to ensure the Secretary of Energy retains direction, control and authority over the agency's policies, including counterintelligence and security policies, to preserve scientific interaction between the Energy Departments' defense labs and the rest of the Department, and to protect field operations. These amendments are important."
Pincus, Walter. "Senate Votes for New DOE Nuclear Weapons Agency: Proposal's Prospects in House Are Less Certain." Washington Post, 22 Jul. 1999, A4. [http://www.washingtonpost. com]
"In its first legislative response to allegations of Chinese spying, the Senate voted overwhelmingly [on 21 July 1999] to give responsibility for nuclear weapons research and production to a new agency inside the Department of Energy."
See also, Eric Schmitt, "Spying Furor Brings Vote in Senate for New Unit," New York Times, 22 Jul. 1999.
U.
S. Department of Energy. "Press Release -- Energy Secretary Richardson
Orders Department-wide 'Security Stand-Down': Latest Action To Immerse Employees
In Intense Security Education, Training." 29 Jul. 1999. [http://www.energy.gov]
Risen, James. "Security Training Ordered for More Energy Dept. Sites."
New York Times,
30 Jul. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]
"Energy Secretary Bill Richardson has ordered a one-day stand-down next week of many of the Energy Department's research and defense-related operations for counter-espionage and security training."
Aftergood, Steven. "Wrongheaded 'Protection.'" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
55, no. 4 (Jul.-Aug. 1999). [http://www.bullatomsci.org]
"[E]fforts to reduce the scope of government secrecy and promote declassification of Cold War records may be an unfortunate casualty of the Chinese nuclear espionage scandal.... In particular, the reported theft of nuclear secrets has cast a government-wide chill on declassification and may spell the end of the Energy Department's Openness Initiative."
See also, Steven Aftergood, "Security: How Not to Combat Chinese Espionage," Los Angeles Times, 4 Jul. 1999. [http://www.latimes.com]
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