FRANCE

Historical

Bély, Lucien. Espions et ambassadeurs au temps ve Louis XIV. [Spies and Ambassadors in the Time of Louis XIV] Paris: Fayard, 1990. [Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008)]

Chapman, Guy. The Dreyfus Case. New York: Reynal, 1955.

Grendel, Frédéric. Beaumarchais: The Man Who Was Figaro. New York: Crowell, 1977.

Constantinides notes that the intelligence aspects of the life of Beaumarchais -- such as his role as an agent for Louis XV and Louis XVI, or his role in France's choice to openly support the American Revolution -- are not central to this biography.

Duffy, Michael. "British Intelligence and the Breakout of the French Atlantic Fleet from Brest in 1799." Intelligence and National Security 22, no. 5 (Oct. 2007): 601-618.

"The French had masked their intentions with some skill and the British agents had never been able to penetrate the secret. On the contrary British ministers had been led away on the false trail that the French had laid before them."

Harris, J.R. Industrial Espionage and Technology Transfer: Britain and France in the Eighteenth Century. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 1998.

Hoffman, Robert L. More than a Trial: The Struggle over Captain Dreyfus. New York: Free Press, 1980.

Hugon, Alain. Au Service du roi catholique: "Honorables ambassadeurs" et "Divins espions": Représentation diplomatique et service secret dans les relations hispano-françaises de 1598 a 1635. [In the Service of the Catholic King: "Honorable Ambassadors" and "Divine Spies": Diplomatic Representation and Secret Service in Hispano-French Relations from 1598 to 1635] Madrid: Casa de Velazquez, 2004.

According to Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008), "[a]mong the many excellences of this work are its data base of information about 240 spies and informers, with summaries of what is known about their persons and work."

Kates, Gary. Monsieur d'Eon Is a Woman: A Tale of Political Intrigue and Sexual Masquerade. New York: Basic Books, 1995. [pb] 1996.

Warren, Surveillant 4.4/5, notes that this is a history rather than a biography, and adds that the latter "would have been a better approach." Nevertheless, it "is still a readable and interesting report" about the 17th century French diplomat who liked to dress as a woman and was a spy for Louis XV. Staum, I&NS 11.4, sees this as a "masterful tour de force," the main contribution of which "is to relate d'Eon's career in French secret diplomacy to []his surprising gender change."

Laurent, Sébastien. "La naissance du renseignement étatique en France au XIXe siècle, entre bureaucratie et politique." [The Birth of State Intelligence in France in the 19th Century, between Bureaucracy and Politics] Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle (2007): 107-122.

Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008), finds this to be "a wide-ranging, rich, and penetrating study."

Lewis, David. Prisoners of Honor: The Dreyfus Affair. New York: Morrow, 1973.

Luvaas, Jay. "Napoleon's Use of Intelligence: The Jena Campaign of 1805." Intelligence and National Security 3, no. 3 (Jul. 1998): 40-54.

Ollier, Alexandre. La Cryptographie militaire: avant la guerre de 1914. [Military Cryptography: Before the 1914 War] Panazol: LaVauzelle, 2002.

Kahn, I&NS 23.2 (Apr. 2008), notes that this work "describes the post-1871 evolution in which France became the greatest cryptologic power in the world."

Parry, D. L. L. "Clemenceau, Caillaux and the Political Use of Intelligence." Intelligence and National Security 9, no. 3 (Jul. 1994): 472-494.

The argument of Parry's article is that "the rise to power of Georges Clemenceau resulted from a manipulation of the discontent of 1917 which cast Joseph Caillaux as villain and Clemenceau as hero; some of the manipulators were well-known journalists and politicians, but behind them, supplying them with information for political ends, were members of the military and civilian intelligence services."

Potts, James M. French Covert Action in the American Revolution. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, 2005. (Digital edition available)

Peake, Studies 50.4 (2006) and Intelligencer 15.2 (Fall/Winter 2006-2007), finds that the author has answered questions about how the French clandestine support to the United States during the Revolutionary War "was initiated, when it began, the types of materials involved, and the impact it had on the war effort.... Potts shows that without this help Washington could not have sustained his army in the field until the critical battle of Saratoga, a battle won with materials supplied by France." This is a "very well documented and well-told treatment of the first covert action involving the United States."

Sanders, Charles W., Jr. "The Avenger Ignored." Military History, Feb. 1989, 12, 14, 16, 55-57.

http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usamhi/RefBibs/intell/1900-39.htm: "On French receipt of German war plans in 1904."

Schulmeister, Charles. L'Espionnage militaire sous Napoleon Ier. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1896.

Sheffy, Yigal. "Une convergence d'intérêts collaboration entre les services secrets français et britanniques au Levant pendant la Première Guerre mondiale." In De Bonaparte à Balfour: La France, L'Europe occidentale et la Palestine, 1799-1917, eds. Dominique Trimbur and Ran Aaronson, 89-107. Paris: CNRS Editions, 2001.

Watson, Vera. "Spy in the Committee of Public Safety." History Today 9 (Oct. 1959): 672-680.

Calder: "Discusses the British penetration of the French Committee of Public Safety.... Executions were held to clean out the spies, but the espionage continued."

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