Anderson, Edward C. Confederate Foreign
Agent: The European Diary of Major Edward C. Anderson. University, AL:
Confederate Publications, 1976.
Bulloch, James Dunwoody. The Secret
Service of the Confederate States in Europe; or, How the Confederate Cruisers
Were Equipped. New York: Putnam's, 1884. Reprinted in 2 vols. New York:
Thomas Yoseleff, 1959.
"Bulloch, a former U.S. Navy officer, served as the Confederacy's naval agent in Europe during the war." Sayle, "Nuggets from Intelligence History," IJI&C 1.2 (1986), fn. 2.
Lester, Richard I. Confederate Finance
and Purchasing in Great Britain. Charlottesville: University of Virginia
Press, 1975.
Constantinides: The author "describes Confederate uses of cover and go-betweens to purchase or lease ships and the methods that side employed to evade Union surveillance and British laws of neutrality.... Lester [also] shows the Union had created a well-organized and -developed system of espionage and surveillance against the Confederates."
Milton, David Hepburn. Lincoln's Spymaster: Thomas Haines Dudley and the Liverpool Network. Mechanicsburg, PA:: Stackpole, 2003.
Seamon, Proceedings, Sep. 2003, comments that Dudley, the U.S. consul in Liverpool, "seems to have worked almost 24 hours a day setting up an efficient spy network to keep tabs on Confederate efforts to acquire warships from British shipyards." Also, through his pamphlets and speeches, "Dudley had remarkable success in keeping the British working class firmly on the side of the Union."
To Williams, Civil War Book Review [http://www.cwbr.com], this is an "engrossing, well-written story"; the author's "finely crafted work reads like a story of intrigue and deception as much as a historical text."
Owsley, Harriet
C. "Henry Shelton Sanford and Federal Surveillance Abroad, 1861-1865."
Mississippi Valley Historical Review 48, no. 2 (Sep. 1961): 211-228.
In 1861, Sanford "was appointed minister resident to Belgium.... One of Sanford's principal assignments ... was to prevent Confederate agents in Europe from obtaining warships, arms, munitions, and other supplies.... Sanford's principal method of countering the Confederates was to gather information on activities of theirs that violated the neutrality of the countries involved, and turn it over to the respective governments. His activities seriously damaged Confederate supply lines." O'Toole, Encyclopedia, pp. 401-402.
Thompson, Samuel Bernard. Confederate
Purchasing Operations Abroad. Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1973.
Reprint of 1935 edition. Sayle, "Nuggets from Intelligence History," IJI&C 1.2 (1986), fn. 2.
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