Wren, Christopher S. "U.S. Gives Its Backing, and Cash, to Anti-Hussein Groups." New York Times, 2 Nov. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com] Wren, Christopher S. "U.S. Gives Its Backing, and Cash, to Anti-Hussein Groups." New York Times, 2 Nov. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]
Speaking on 1 November 1999 at a conference held by the Iraqi National Congress (INC) in New York, U.S. Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Thomas R. Pickering "made clear" that U.S. "support for Iraqi dissidents would be channeled through the Iraqi National Congress."
[OtherCountries/Iraq]
Wren, Harold G. "Memoir of a Japanese Language Officer." Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 17, no. 1 (Jan. 2001): 7-10.
Selected for the Japanese Language School in 1942. Assignment to JICPOA on 6 June 1944. Worked on translation of captured Japanese documents. Participated in the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations.
[WWII/Services/Navy][c]
Wriston, Harry Merritt. Executive Agents in American Foreign Relations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1929. [Reprint] Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1967.
Petersen sees this book as being concerned with "[s]ecret missions, diplomatic espionage, historical antecedents of the Iran-Contra affair."
According to Pforzheimer, Wriston reviews "the historical and legal foundations of the executive agent, including the intelligence agent, from ... the Continental Congress through the later 19th century.... Detailed examples are presented of intelligence collection, covert action, covert procurement, protection of sources and methods ... and the Constitutional basis and precedents of each.... This book is essential to the proper understanding of the historical and legal basis of present-day American intelligence systems."
Constantinides states that for persons "interested in the early roots of U.S. intelligence or the early use of secrecy and secret funds and operations to further U.S. objectives and for an antidote to the commonly held belief that Americans historically did not undertake, show interest in, or have talent for clandestine or covert action, Wriston's scholarly but easy-to-read study is a must."
[Overviews/U.S.]
Wrixon, Fred B. Codes and Ciphers: An A to Z of Covert Communications, from the Clay Tablet to the Microdot. New York: Prentice Hall, 1992.
According to Surveillant 3.1, the entries in this encyclopedia of historic codes and ciphers are not too long yet they are surprisingly detailed. Sexton finds the work to be "[i]nadequately indexed."
[Cryptography/Reference]
Wrixon, Fred B.
1. Codes, Ciphers & Other Cryptic & Clandestine Communication: Making and Breaking Secret Messages from Hieroglyphs to the Internet. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 1998.
Kruh, Cryptologia 24.1, says that the author has made "a mighty effort to cover the entire universe of cryptology but it is impossible within the confines of a single volume.... [Nevertheless,] the book contains a great deal of interesting and useful information."
2. Codes, Ciphers, Secrets and Cryptic Communication: Making and Breaking Secret Messages from Hieroglyphs to the Internet. New ed. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal, 2005. [pb]
From publisher: "This immensely readable world history of clandestine communication ... includes illustrations, diagrams, and puzzles that instruct readers how to become amateur cryptographers. It's the last word on secret languages!"
[Cryptography/Gen]
Wrixon, Fred B. Codes, Ciphers, and Secret Languages. New York: Random House, 1989.
[Cryptography/Gen]
Wroe, Ann. Lives, Lies and the Iran-Contra Affair. London & New York: Tauris, 1991.
Foot, I&NS 7.2, finds that Wroe asks "all the right questions ... even if the answers to some of the questions ... have to remain obscure." The author also "avoids the easy answer of blaming everything" on DCI Casey.
[GenPostwar/80s/Iran-Contra]
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