Rubenstein, Henry. "DC Power and Cooling Towers." Studies in Intelligence 16, no. 3 (Fall 1972): 81-86. In Inside CIA's Private World: Declassified Articles from the Agency's Internal Journal, 1955-1992, ed. H. Bradford Westerfield, 3-7. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

This article concerns the analytical work surrounding an effort to project the number of thermonuclear weapons available to the Soviets after they concluded atmospheric nuclear testing in 1962 and signed the Test Ban Treaty in 1963.

[Analysis/Sov][c]

Rubenstein, Joshua, and Alexander Gribanov, eds. The KGB File of Andrei Sakharov. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.

Ehrman, Studies 50.2 (2006), notes that the 146 documents contained in this book "were originally given to [Sakharov's] widow, Elena Bonner,... and supplemented by additional KGB documents from communist party and state archives." The documents "provide a long-overdue look at the inner world of the KGB and how it served the Soviet leadership.... [They] are not easy reading, for they are in the formal, ponderous style of the communist bureaucracy, but they give an excellent insight into the minds and workings of the dictatorship."

[Russia/45-89]

Rubenstein, Richard E. Comrade Valentine: The True Story of Azeff the Spy -- The Most Dangerous Man in Russia at the Time of the Last Czars. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994. [Chambers]

[Russia/Historical]

Rubin, Amy Magaro. "National Security Education Program Changes Controversial Service Requirement." Chronicle of Higher Education, 4 Oct. 1996, A30.

The NSEP was established in 1991, with a service requirement for "working in any branch of government or in education." An amendment in 1995 by Representative C.W. Young (R-FL) narrowed the requirement to "the U.S. Department of Defense or the 'intelligence community.'" This change brought about a halt in the grant-making process for the year's 313 awardees. The FY-1997 authorization bill for the Defense Department, which has been signed by the President, changes the obligation to "working in a federal agency with 'national security responsibilities.'"

[CIA/Relations/Academe][c]

Rubin, Aviel D. "An Experience Teaching a Graduate Course in Cryptography." Cryptologia 21, no. 2 (Apr. 1997): 97-109.

The author describes his experience teaching "Cryptography and Computer Security" at New York University in the 1995 Fall Term. The article includes a useful list of courses in cryptography offered at institutions of higher learning in the United States and elsewhere.

[RefMats/Teaching][c]

Rubin, Barry. Istanbul Intrigues. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989. [pb] With Corrections and New Foreword. New York: Pharos, 1991. New ed. Istanbul: Bosphorus University Press, 2002.

From advertisement for 2002 edition: "Istanbul Intrigues is a book on war, diplomacy, and espionage that took place in Istanbul and the Balkans during World War Two.... It includes material that has never previously been published about German intelligence efforts and also German and Austrian resistance activities during World War Two. The book is written in a popular style, with many anecdotes and individual stories."

Aftergood, Secrecy News, 10 Dec. 2002, calls this work "[a] richly anecdotal history of diplomacy and espionage in Istanbul during World War II.... Drawing on interviews with principals and primary sources in multiple languages (but without scholarly apparatus), Rubin offers a highly readable account of the political and military ferment that characterized Istanbul in that momentous time."

For Gunter, IJI&C 5.3, Istanbul Intrigues is a "fast-paced, very readable series of historical vignettes"; there are no footnotes.

McGinnis, Cryptolog, Summer 1996, notes that the book "contains a list of the names of some of the spies as well as many of the code words used by the OSS during Turkish spy operations. Clearly scholarly [note conflict with Aftergood's and Gunter's points], meticulously researched, amusing at times, it is well worth reading."

[UK/WWII/Med][c]

Rubin, Barry. Paved with Good Intentions: The American Experience in Iran. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

[GenPostwar/70s/Iran]

Rubin, Barry. Secrets of State: The State Department and the Struggle Over U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Petersen: "Coverage of State's intelligence function and role in the intelligence community."

[OtherAgencies/State]

Rubin, Claire. "Major Terrorist Events in the U.S. and Their Outcomes: Intitial Analysis and Observations." Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 1, no. 1 (2004). [http://www.bepress.com/jhsem/vol1/iss1/2]

From abstract: "[T]his article provides an initial policy analysis of recent federal efforts to deal with terrorism. The author poses some new questions and suggests that a new paradigm exists for emergency management in the U.S. since Sept. 11, 2001."

[Terrorism/00s/03 & Homeland]

Rubin, Michael. "The Telegraph, Espionage, and Cryptology in Nineteenth Century Iran." Cryptologia 25, no. 1 (Jan. 2001): 18-36.

"The telegraph transformed intelligence gathering in Iran. It was a potent tool in the hands of any party. Both the Shah and British strategists benefited from access to information, but at the same time vulnerability of messages transmitted across the wires increased."

[Historical/Other; OtherCountries/Iran]

Rubin, Samuel. The Secret Science of Covert Inks. Port Townsend, WA: Loompanics Unlimited, 1987. [Petersen]

[Cryptography/Gen]

Ruby, Marcel. F Section SOE: The Story of the Buckmaster Network. London: Leo Cooper, 1988. [Chambers]

[UK/WWII/SOE]

Rudgers, David F. Creating the Secret State: The Origins of the Central Intelligence Agency, 1943- 1947. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Goedeken, Library Journal, 15 May 2000, calls this "an impressive history of the complex negotiations among the various branches of both the military and the government" that preceded the creation of the CIA. This is an "outstanding piece of scholarship, based on solid, primary research.... [It] should be considered essential reading for anyone interested in gaining an understanding of the political, historical, and theoretical background to the establishment of the CIA."

For Jeffreys-Jones, I&NS 16.1, the author displays a "shaky grasp of intelligence history," and his work suffers from some documentation problems. Nevertheless, Rudgers "has written an intellectually honest book" that "offers several gems and insights."

Warner, Studies 11 (Fall-Winter 2001), says that Creating the Secret State "is a well-written introduction to the debates around the dissolution of the OSS and the creation of its successor. Dr. Rudgers ... uses the declassified records skillfully and weaves them together with contemporary observations of the same events to craft a coherent narrative."

To Kolb, H-Diplo, H-Net Reviews, Sep. 2000 [http://www.h-net.org], the author "has written a provocative, well-documented assessment of the founding of the CIA. He has taken the 'unpopular' position that is contrary to the generally-accepted version ... that William J. Donovan played a significant role in establishing the CIA.... Creating the Secret State is [a] carefully crafted, eloquently written, and meticulously researched book and its persuasive, compelling arguments make it essential reading on the issue of the creation" of the CIA.

[CIA/40s]

Rudgers, David F. "The Origins of Covert Action." Journal of Contemporary History 35, no. 2 (Apr. 2000): 249-262,

The author sees the postwar-United States slipping first into covert psychological operations and, then, quickly (as laid out in George Kennan's NSC 10/2) into "full-scale covert political activity." The latter was institutionalized in a new (August 1948) organizational entity in the CIA, the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), and in OPC's head, Frank Wisner. "Under Wisner..., covert action became a growth industry for the CIA."

[CA]

Rudner, Martin.

Ruehsen, Moyara De Moraes. "Operation 'Ajax' Revisited: Iran, 1953." Middle Eastern Studies 29, no. 3 (Jul. 1993): 467-486.

ProQuest: "Several aspects of Operation 'Ajax' ... are examined. New light is shed on the degree to which Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower and [Iranian Prime Minister Muhammed] Musaddiq influenced the outcome of the crisis."

[CIA/50s/Iran]

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