Downes, Donald. The Scarlet Thread: Adventures in Wartime Espionage. London: Derek Vershoyle, 1953. New York: British Book Centre, 1953.
Downes, Donald. The Scarlet Thread: Adventures in Wartime Espionage. London: Derek Vershoyle, 1953. New York: British Book Centre, 1953.
Constantinides: This is the "personal reminiscence of an American who ... served in British intelligence before Pearl Harbor." During the war, Downes served with the OSS in North Africa and Italy, and was connected with an ill-fated OSS intelligence-collection operation in Spain. "Downes's account is partisan and cannot be relied on completely for accuracy."
[WWII/OSS/OtherOps]
Downing,
Alan R. [SMS/USAF] "Air Force Intelligence Training: Vector to the
21st Century." Military Intelligence 21, no. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1995):
36-40.
[MI/Training][c]
[Downing, Jack.]
"Speech by Former DDO Jack Downing." CIRA Newsletter 24,
no. 4 (Winter 1999): 3-8.
Remarks at Central Intelligence Retirees' Association luncheon on 4 October 1999 at Ft. Myer, VA. Includes question-and-answer session.
[CIA/C&C/DO/Downing]
Downs, Edward
C.
The following works recount the exploits of C. Lorain Ruggles, 20th Ohio.
1. Four Years a Scout and Spy: "General Bunker," One of Lieut. General Grant's Most Daring and Successful Scouts. Zanesville, OH: H. Dunne, 1866.
2. The Great American Scout and Spy, "General Bunker." New York: Olmstead, 1870.
[CivWar/Union/Gen]
Downs, Jim. "Lessons From the Failure of the OSS/SOE DAWES Mission." Journal of Intelligence History 2, no. 1 (Summer 2002). [http://www.intelligence-history.org/jih/ previous.html]
[UK/SOE; WWII/OSS/OtherOps]
Downs, Jim. World War II: OSS Tragedy in Slovakia. Oceanside, CA: Liefrinck, 2002.
According to Jonkers, AFIO WIN 48-02 (17 Dec. 2002), this work "tells the story of an OSS unit supporting local partisans, some two dozen American and British agents, and two women, whose mission in Slovakia ran afoul of German counterintelligence in 1944. Pursued by an 'Abwehr' unit through rugged terrain in frigid weather, most lost their lives.... The story is set in a complicated mosaic of personalities of all nationalities, in obscure towns and villages, and may be a challenge to follow for some."
[UK/WWII/Services/SOE; WWII/OSS/OtherOps]
Downs, Michael L. [LTCOL/USAF] "Rethinking the Combined Force Air Component: Commander's Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Approach to Counterinsurgency." Air & Space Power Journal 22, no. 3 (Fall 2008). [http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj08/fal08.html]
From abstract: In Iraq and Afghanistan, the "air component finds itself ill equipped to handle" the "unique and complex intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) requirements" of counterinsurgency operations "since it still adheres to a doctrine of major theater war. The author provides historical context, offers an alternative approach to managing ISR, and recommends changes to doctrine."
Steven Maceda [MAJ/USAF], "Control of Theater Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance for the Ground Commander," Air & Space Power Journal 22, no. 4 (Winter 2008), disagrees with Downs' "proposal to use the close air support request process for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR)." This process "still does not allow the flexibility in execution required by the ground commander.... The combined air operations center (CAOC) must allow decentralized execution of ISR assets -- particularly full-motion-video platforms -- by delegating tactical control of platforms apportioned to Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNF-I) during execution."
[MI/AF/00s & SpecOps]
Doyle, Charles. "Memorandum to Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: Probable Cause, Reasonable Suspicion, and Reasonableness Standards in the Context of the Fourth Amendment and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act." Washington, DC: American Law Division, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 30 Jan. 2006. Available at http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/m013006.pdf.
"Probable cause is [a] bit different under FISA. Ordinarily, probable cause speaks to the probability of the existence of a certain fact.... FISA authorizes issuance of a surveillance or search order predicated upon the probability of a possibility; the probability to believe that the foreign target of the order may [italics in original] engage in spying, or the probability to believe that the American target of the order may [italics in original] engage in criminal spying activities. [citations omitted] But it is the predicate not the standard that is changed. The probable cause standard [italics in original] is the same in FISA as in a criminal context: would a prudent individual believe that a fact is probably true. It is the focus that is different. Would a prudent individual believe that spying may occur."
[Overviews/Legal/FISA/Gen]
Doyle, Charles. National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations: Legal Background and Recent Amendments. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Updated 20 Mar. 2007. Available at: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/intel/RL33320.pdf.
From "Summary": "Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national security letters (NSLs) is comparable to the authority to issue administrative subpoenas. The USA PATRIOT Act expanded the authority under four of the NSL statutes and created the fifth. Thereafter, the authority has been reported to have been widely used. Prospects of its continued use dimmed, however, after two lower federal courts held the lack of judicial review and the absolute confidentiality requirements in one of the statutes rendered it constitutionally suspect."
[Overviews/Legal/Topics]
Doyle, David
W. True Men and Traitors: From the OSS to the CIA. New York: Wiley, 2001.
Jonkers, AFIO WIN 12.2 (25 Mar. 2002), highly recommends this book as "a great starting point for both outsiders and insiders who want to know more about clandestine operations." As the title indicates, the author served with OSS in World War II and, later, with the CIA.... Doyle provides a window on how CIA operated..., including agent recruitment, tradecraft in operations and successes as well as various inevitable snafus.... This is a positive, constructive, interesting book, easy to read, a straightforward account that is a credit to the author."
The reviewer in CIRA Newsletter, Spring 2002, believes that former CIA Africa-hand Doyle provides "real insight into the business of espionage.... [T]he book examines the daily grind and drudgery of the espionage business as well as the great personal satisfaction that comes from winkling out vital information from sometimes unlikely and unlikeable sources." Bath, NIPQ 18.2/3, sees the author introducing the reader "to the problems and perils of agent running in the Third World in the 1960s" and offering "interesting insights into tradecraft." In the "Traitors" part of the book, "there is little new for the student of intelligence."
[CIA/Memoirs]
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